Damage characteristics and surface description of near-wall materials subjected to ultrasonic cavitation

For the analysis of ultrasonic cavitation erosion on the surface of materials, the ultrasonic cavitation erosion experiments for AlCu4Mg1 and Ti6Al4V were carried out, and the changes of surface topography, surface roughness, and Vickers hardness were explored. Cavitation pits gradually expand and deepen with the increase of experiment time, and Ti6Al4V is more difficult to erode by cavitation than AlCu4Mg1. After experiments, the cavitation damage characteristics such as the single pit, the rainbow ring area, the fisheye pit, and some small pits were observed, which can be considered to be induced by a single micro-jet impact, ablation effect caused by the high temperature, micro-jet impingement with a sharp angle, and multibeam micro-jets coupling impact or negative pressure in the local area produced by micro-jet impact, respectively. The surface roughness and Vickers hardness of the material increase slowly after rapid growth at different points in time as the experiment time increases. With the increase of the ultrasonic amplitude, both of them first increase and then decrease after the ultrasonic amplitude is greater than 10.8 μm. The increases in surface roughness and Vickers hardness tend to decrease as the viscosity coefficient increases. Ultrasonic cavitation can cause submicron surface roughness and increase surface hardness by 20.36%, so it can be used as a surface treatment method.     

FLTD三电极场畸变气体开关寿命特性

针对设计的一种场畸变气体开关,研究中间电极材料分别为不锈钢和黄铜条件下的烧蚀特性,结合开关寿命期间静态与触发特性的变化规律,获得决定开关寿命的关键因素,为三电极场畸变气体开关的性能优化提供理论支撑。研究结果表明,采用不锈钢和黄铜作为中间电极的烧蚀区域以及表面粗糙度均随着放电次数增加而增大,黄铜电极烧蚀较为严重且表面有明显的烧蚀圆斑,不锈钢电极则具有更高的表面粗糙度,阴阳极表面烧蚀存在明显差异,随着放电次数的增加,击穿点向电极边缘区域集中,影响开关的沿面绝缘特性,是导致开关寿命终结的主要原因。     

A Sort of Gray-scale Morphological Dilations and Erosions

We introduce first a sort of gray-scale morphological dilations and erosions, which might have some further applications in image analysis. Then we show that the dilation and the erosion defined here form adjunctive pairs. The duality between the dilation and the erosion and some other properties, such as the commuting property with translation and homothety, of these operators are discussed as well.     

Experiment investigation on effects of elastic modulus on cavitation erosion of silicone rubber

Research into cavitation phenomena in various fields shows that the elastic modulus of a boundary has a potential impact on cavitation erosion. To obtain the direct relationship between the elastic modulus of the boundary and cavitiation erosion, single-layer samples with different chemical composition and moduli, and double-layer samples with different elastic moduli and the same surface layer material, were prepared with silicone rubber. The results of cavitation experiments on single-layer samples, show that the coating chemical composition and mechanical properties together affect the cavitation morphology of the coating, and dominant factors vary with erosion stage. Through the cavitation test of double-layer samples, it was found that there is a positive correlation between the elastic modulus of the coating and the degree of cavitation. This study helps us to understand the relationship between coating elastic modulus and cavitation more directly, and provides theoretical and technical guidance for the application of anti-cavitation for elastic coating in engineering.     

水煤浆喷嘴热冲蚀磨损机理研究

采用1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢、YG8硬质合金和Al2O3／(W，Ti)C陶瓷3种材料制备了水煤浆喷嘴，考察了其在水煤浆雾化和燃烧过程中的热冲蚀磨损机理．结果表明：喷嘴材料的硬度对水煤浆喷嘴的热冲蚀磨损行为具有重要影响；在相同条件下，高硬度的Al2O3／(W，Ti)C陶瓷喷嘴的冲蚀率最低，YG8硬质合金次之，硬度较低的1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢喷嘴的冲蚀率最高；在热冲蚀磨损工况下，1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢水煤浆喷嘴主要呈现微切削特征，YG8硬质合金水煤浆喷嘴主要呈现晶粒剥落特征，而Al2O3／(W，Ti)C陶瓷水煤浆喷嘴主要呈现研磨损伤和热崩特征．     

耐磨环氧胶粘涂层冲蚀磨损特性的研究

本文对气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀条件下耐磨环氧胶粘涂层的磨损特性进行了研究。结果表明,这种涂层的冲蚀磨损是由粘结剂的磨损和抗磨填料的磨损所组成;填料粒度和磨料粒度都对涂层的气固冲蚀磨损有影响,但在给定的试验条件下,填料粒度对涂层的浆体冲蚀磨损影响甚微。文章指出,耐磨环氧胶粘涂层在气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀下的磨损机理相似,但磨损规律却有所不同;耐磨环氧胶粘涂层尤其适用于浆体冲蚀的场合,可以明显地提高机械过流部件的使用寿命。     

几种高分子材料的磨粒侵蚀机理

本文采用自行设计制造的磨粒侵蚀试验台对聚氨酯、丁苯橡胶、尼龙6和聚四氟乙烯4种高分子材料的磨粒侵蚀行为进行了试验研究,并且通过扫描电镜对试样磨损表面进行了观察分析,分别提出了这4种高分子材料磨粒侵蚀的物理模型和物理过程,阐明了它们的磨粒侵蚀机理:具有一定动能的固体颗粒对材料表层产生微切削;微观裂纹的萌生与扩展导致材料表层微观剥落;材料的力化学分解和热分解;材料表层局部塑性变形发展成塑性断裂而从表面脱落。     

坡面流及土壤侵蚀动力学（II）——————土壤侵蚀

介绍了坡面土壤侵蚀的基本特征和主要类型, 综述了坡面土壤侵蚀动力学过程和预报模型等方面的研究进展, 包括土壤表层结皮、雨滴溅蚀、片流侵蚀、细沟侵蚀、坡面流输沙、土壤侵蚀界限坡度, 以及土壤侵蚀预报模型等. 并简要讨论了土壤侵蚀动力学研究的发展趋势.     

关于第14届材料磨损国际会议的简要评述

对第14届材料磨损会议重点涉及的生物摩擦学、金属磨损、表面涂层、冲蚀、纳米摩擦学、复合材料以及磨损监测等研究领域的最新进展进行了评述，对摩擦学领域今后的研究重点进行了展望．